NTFS (New Technology File System) is the standard file system of Windows NT, including its later versions Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Vista.[4]
NTFS follows the FAT file system as the preferred file system for Microsoft’s “Windows”-branded operating systems. NTFS has several improvements over FAT and HPFS (High Performance File System) such as improved support for metadata and the use of advanced data structures to improve performance, reliability, and disk space utilization, plus additional extensions such as security access control lists (ACL) and file system journaling. The exact file system specification is a trade secret, although (since NTFS v3.00) it can be licensed commercially from Microsoft through their Intellectual Property Licensing program.
File Allocation Table or FAT is a computer file system originally developed by Bill Gates and Marc McDonald in 1976/1977. [1] [2] It is the primary file system for various operating systems including DR-DOS, OpenDOS, freeDOS, MS-DOS, OS/2(v1.1), and Microsoft Windows (up to Windows Me). For floppy disks (FAT12 and FAT16 without long filename support) has been standardized as ECMA-107 and ISO/IEC 9293. The use of long filenames with FAT is patented in part.
The FAT file system is relatively straightforward and is supported by virtually all existing operating systems for personal computers. This makes it an ideal format for solid-state memory cards and a convenient way to share data between operating systems.
Common implementations have a serious drawback in that when files are deleted and new files written to the media, directory fragments tend to become scattered over the entire disk, making reading and writing slower. Defragmentation is one solution to this problem, but is often a lengthy process in itself and has to be performed regularly to keep the FAT file system clean. Defragmentation is also unwise in some instances. Due to a limited number of lifetime writes, and their quick access times, solid-state memory cards should usually not be defragmented.