Ping (Packet Internet Groper) is a computer network administration utility used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for packets sent from the local host to a destination computer, including the local host's own interfaces.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping
In information technology, a packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet mode computer network. Computer communications links that do not support packets, such as traditional point-to-point telecommunications links, simply transmit data as a series of bytes, characters, or bits alone. When data is formatted into packets, the bitrate of the communication medium can better be shared among users than if the network were circuit switched. By using packet switched networking it is also harder to guarantee a lowest possible bitrate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)
A server computer, sometimes called an enterprise server, is a computer system that provides essential services across a network, to private users inside a large organization or to public users in the internet.
Many servers have dedicated functionality such as web servers, print servers, and database servers.
Enterprise servers are known to be very fault tolerant, for even a short-term failure can cost more than purchasing and installing the system. For example, it may take only a few minutes' down time at a national stock exchange to justify the expense of entirely replacing the system with something more reliable.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_computer
Tick. CPU time or CPU usage is the amount of time for which central processing unit (CPU) was used for processing instructions of a computer program , as opposed to, for example, waiting for the input/output operations. The CPU time is often measured in clock ticks or in percentage of the capacity. It is used as a point of comparison for CPU usage of a program.
On the other hand, Elapsed real time ( or simply real time ) is the time taken from start of computer program to the end. Elapsed real time includes I/O time and all other types of wait. Elapsed real time is the time measured by an ordinary clock
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time
Latency is a measure of time delay experienced in a system, the precise definition of which depends on the system and the time being measured.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)
patch is a piece of software designed to fix problems[1] with, or update a computer program or its supporting data. This includes fixing security vulnerabilities[1] and other bugs, and improving the usability or performance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(computing)