try reading the readme and install files that is always a good start, XP
some software packages have some specific method which will be listed in these documents but a general process goes as follows:
make sure you are in the top level of the extracted directory
run:
~$ ./configure
~$ make
~$ make install
you might need to run make and make install as root or suid root (sudo or su)
I'm not sure if you specifically want to build Amarok from source but you can always install it via binary by running:
~$ sudo apt-get install amarok
Or even better, if you want to compile it from source is to use apt to get the official Ubuntu source.
~$ sudo apt-get build-dep amarok
~$ mkdir BUILD # just to keep things clean
~$ cd BUILD
~$ sudo apt-get source amarok
~$ cd amarok
~$ ./configure
~$ make
~$ make install
and again depending on the package you may need to run make and make install as root or with sudo or su
EDIT:
check out this link.
it will pretty much walk you through what I've already said but will also show you the Ubuntu Software Center which is a nice GUI tool for installing software in Ubuntu
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/installingsoftware