Fiber optics are being used extensivly in the area of telecommunications. New technology has emerged to replace conventional fiber optics called photonic crystal fibers, they guide light by means of diffraction from a periodic structure, rather than the total internal reflection used by fiber optics.
Optical fiber is used extensively for transmission of data signals. TheTAT-8 transatlantic telephone cable is still in use, and companies such as AT&T, MCI, and U.S. Sprint use optical fiber cable to carry plain old telephone service (POTS) across their nationwide networks. Local telephone service providers use fiber to carry this same service between central office switches at more local levels, and sometimes as far as the neighborhood or individual home. Private networks are owned by firms such as IBM, Rockwell, Honeywell, banks, universities, Wall Street firms, and more.
Many new applications are being developed utlizing the dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM technology, which allows multiple wavelengths to be combined into one optical signal. Because of fiber optic technology’s immense potential bandwidth, 50 THz or greater, there are extraordinary possibilities for future fiber optic applications. Already, the push to bring broadband services, including data, audio, and especially video, into the home is well underway.
Other fiber optics currently being utilized include the 4B5BLF (4-Byte/5-Byte Local Fiber) is a multimode fiber optic cable specified for 100 Mbit/s data transmission in FDDI and ATM.
One of the fastest growing markets for fiber optics is intelligent transportation systems, smart highways with intelligent traffic lights, automated toll booths, and changeable message signs to give motorists information about delays and emergencies.